gkiffin



@lo Model.) 3 sheetssheet 1.

. "S. GRIFPN.

LIQUID HYDROGA'RBON MOTDR.

@10.542 41o. l Patenfed-July 9, 1895.

3 Sheets- Sheet 3.

@lo Model.) v l l S. GRIFFIN.

' 1 LIQUID HYDROGARBON MOTUR.

No. 542,410.. PaieHnted July 9,1895..

I I I .-JFQ

Fsc]

.droearbon motor.

Llanto-avancement: Moron..

SPECIFICATION forming part 0i Application and hay 1e, lass. aan Non '4f/4,227.

To, all whom .it may concern;

Be it known that I, SAMUEL Gmo-FIN, a subject of the Queen of'Great Britain, residingat Kingston Iron Works; Bath, in the county of Somerset, En gland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Liquid-Hydrocarbon Motors, (for which I have obtained Lettere Patent in Great Britain,` No.`19,962, dated December 6, 1390,) of which the following is a specification.

-My present invention relates, first, to means for forming.- the combustible hydrocarbonspray used in the working of petroleum and other liquid-hydrocarbon motors,and in the application of the same for forming the working or combustible charge in the motor-cylinder. l My invention also relates to an improved vaporizing-retort, means for heating the same, and menne for governing or controlling the speed of the engine. 1

In the accompanying drawings, Figures 1 and side elevations, respectand 2 show end ively, of my improved petroleum or liquid-hy- Fig. 3 shows'alongitudinal sectionof the retort or heater with exhaust; and charging passages attached. Fig. 4 shows plan of air-pizmple'ver with mode of detachment for han-doperation. Fig. 5 sho'ws aseotion ofthe retort or heater on line l 1,Fig. 3, togetherwith the exhaust and inletvalvee; Fig. 6 shows an enlarged view of governi-ng mechanism, together with a portion of the re# tort or heater and spraying apparatus. Fig. 7 shows a plan of the exhaust and charging passages from the retort orl heater into themotor-cylinder.

The cycle illustrated is that known as the Beau de Rochas or double cycle. Other cycles, however, may he employed The same letters ot' reference indio/ate cor` responding parts throughout.

a is the motor-cylinder; l, connecting-rod; c, crank; d, fly-wheel; "e, petroleum-tank for supply -ot ignition; f, pipe leading to ignition; grair-pipe leading from air-reservoir (not-shown) to ignition; L, retort or heater; i, air-supply tofretort or heater; j, air-pump for supplying air to air-reservoir; k, air-pump lever; Z, eceontric-rod for actuating ainpu mp;

m, lever for actuating ainpump by hand; n,

Lect-,ers :einen: No. 542,410, dated my 9, 189e.

(No model.) Patented ln England December 8, 1890, No. 19,902.

eccentric-mdr@ charging-valve; o', governorkicker `for actuating charging-va-lve; p,

exhaust-valve; p', governor-kicker for act-u 'ating exhaust-valve; q, charging-valve lever;

r, exhaust-valve lever pivoted at 1"; s,'casing containing exhaust and charging passages between retort or heater and motor-cylinder; t, ignition tube, case, or chimney; u, interior of retort or heater for receptionof spray to be vaporized; o, corrugated case, and v' case containing spraying apparatus; w, exhaustspace; a', air-space; y, exhaust-passage; e', charging-passage; z', opening for passage or outlet of flame when heating the retort or heater before starting the motor; cv a a, spraying apparatus; b', air-pipe leading from spraying apparatus toair-valve; c', petrleu in; or liquid-h yd rocarbon supply-pi pe connecting spraying apparatus with petroleum or liquid-hydrocarbon tank, (not showm) d', earn for actuating exhaust-valve; e', governor-lover for actuatingconnecting-links; e2; connecting-link to governor; e3, governor; f', connecting-link from lgovernor-lever to kicker; g g2, levers for actuating air-valve h; i', connecting-link from governor-lever; j, spiral spring; jlock-uuts; k', port leading from chargiugand ehaustvalvesinto motorcylinder; Zl, air-perforations; m m2, male and female contact-pieces.

The operation is as follows: In preparing the motor for starting the pin u is unscrewed, disengaging the eccentric-rod b, thus allowing the air-pump j to be actuated by hand by" means of the movable handle m. A suiicient pressure'of air being thus stored in Ithe airres` ervoir,(notsliow1i,)thc spraying apparatus a a2 a3, supplied with air and petroleum through the pipes b' o', respectively, is set zu operalion. 'Vlie issuing spray beiugignited in any conven lent manner, the resultant iiame pasaes through the interior of the retort or heater n.,

escaping by the passage ,s through tilc openthrough it.. i NVhen the necessary texnperature has th ns been attained therame issuing from the spraying apparatus' is extinguished and the opening z is'closed.

The handle m is re- `movable .pintor-disengaging air-pump from f moved and thepump-lever connected with loc' " itself. The motor being now ready for strting, motion is given to the ily'wheel by any convenient mennmhydrocnrbon spray being at the same time allowed to escape from the spraying apparatus into the interior of the heater u, where, coming,r into contact with the hot walls of the corrugated casing o, it is nt once vaporized, forming in combination with the .atmospheric air contained therein n highly-explosive compound, whichpnsses dircctly by the passage c past the chargingvalve o into the motorcylinder by the port Ic', where it is compressed and fired, imparti'ng motion to the piston end parte connected therewith` and afterward exhausted in the usuel manner. `The exhaust-gases from the motorcylinder pass through the port k by the exhaust-valve pinto the passage y, und thence through the space w of the heater h, escaping into the atmosphere by n passage at the end of theheater. (Notehown.) The het cxhausbgases, in passing through the space w and enveloping the corrugated cese '11, will impart sutlcient heet thereto to maintain the temperat ure necessary for vnpcrizing the ocmbustible portions of the charge phasing through it. The beforeineutioued atoms pheric nir which combines with the veporized spray iu t ie interior of the retort or heet'er u, forming the explosive or working charge, passes from the atmosphere through the supply-pipe s' into the annuler passage ai, and thence through a number Lof small portera` tions ZI into the interior of the heater u, from whence it passes, mixed with the vnporised sprey,into the motor-cylinder, as before described. y

The atmospheric air in passing through the annuler passage o: will have its temperature suiliciently raised by the hot exhaust-noses in the eprice w to prevent any condensation of the before-mentioned spray or vapor with which it niterwerd minglcs in the space w.

The igniting apparatus shown in Figs. 1 und 3 and illustrated by the parte lettered e fg t is similar to the invention described in the specification of my British Letters Pstcnt, No. 18,401 of 1890, and is 'not claimed herein. Any other form of igniting apparatus may be employed, and the igniting' appnratus here inciter described and claimed l have found especially suitable.

The apparatus for forming the hydrocarbon spray consists of au outer casing n', which terminates in n. line nozzle und having n vertical jet or pipe n, through which it is supplied with petroleum or liquid hydrocarbon from the enlarged end of the pipe c. The central jet c?, which is adjustable longitudi nally in the cnsingc', is supplied with nir nn' der pressure from the heforernentioned sin reservoir, (not shown, which passes into it through the air-valve tand ,pipe b. Its nction is as follows: The pipe c being supplied withliquid hydrocarbon from any convenient scemo source nir under pressure is allowed to pass, ne before described, through the central air jet aformingnns it issues through the nozzle ci the casing a,n partiel vacuum in its interior. The liquid hydrocarbon contained in the pipe c' will consequently rise through the vertical jet or pipe a", filling the interior of the casing a', where, cominginto contact with l the air' issuing from the central jet a, it will be ejected as a tine spray through the nozzle which terminates 'the case a. The amount and iineness of the spray are determined by the distance between the nozzleol the case 0,

and the end oi the central air'et c. The supply of spray is rendered intermittent or constant by the action oftho nirvalve it', which opens or` closes the nir-supply in corinection with und regulated by the governor, es hereinafter explained.'

The movemeutof the charging und exhaust valves, together with that o! the air-valve, in connection with the spraying apparatus, is controlled by the action of the governor.

The exhaustcam d', which is attached to the lay-shaft ofthe engine, imparts motion to the lever r, which, through the medium of the kicker p', lifts the exhaust-valve p at the proper time. This kicker, being hung ou a hinge at its upper end, is movable into and out ol. gear with the lever rby menus of the connecting-link f `und lever e', which, by means of the link e, receives its motion from the'governor. The connecting-link f'passes loosely through nn eye in the end of lthe lever e' ,being heldin position by tbenut'sj on one `side and the spiral spring j' on the other. The lever g', which is'octuated bya cam (not shownlon` the ley-shaft, imparts motiony to the nir-vulve h by means of the swinglever g2, this latter being also thrown into and out of gear with the ninvnive by means of the connecting-link i. which is also operated by the lever e'.

A raised projection on the circular part of the exhaust-cmu d (shown in position) serves to hold the lever r in gear with theexhaustlticlter p (by means ot the male and female 'contact-pieces m' m2) without lifting it'dnring a certain portion of its cycle, the spiral spring j' at the same time admitting ofnthe movement of the lever c' without imparting motion tothe connecting-linkj'.

The mechanism for actuating the chargingvalve c is, in all respects, similar tc that just` described for actuating the exhaust-valve, with the exception that the spiral spring j' muy be dispensed with, the end o; the connecting-link f' being jointed direct to the`lever e', the cam ci' b eiug also without any raised projection on its circular part for holr1- ing thev levorq and kicker o in gear.

The operation is as` follows: Assumingithe engine tohe running at or below its norinai speed the governors willbe depressed, allowiup,- hcth kickers o p to `.be in gear with the `leven: q and fr which Actuate them. At the same time the lever g will bc in gear with 'loo Maele spray for forming the combustible or working charge, as before described.- The complete cycle of charging, compressing, igniting, and exhausting is thun continued until the velocity ol the engine has increased sufficiently to canso the gcvernorto iitt,tl1rowing the charginf.,y and exhaust-valve kickers o' and p and swing-lever gioni. of operation. Should the governor lift during that portion of'the cycle between 'the ignition and exhaust of the worin.

ing charge, the exhaust-valve kicker qwrili be held in-gearwith the lover -r by means of the raised projection on the circular part of the lcam d', au before described,nntil the exhaustvalve p islitted and the spent gases discharged. During this 4'period the movement ofthe lever e.' will have put the spring j into com-' pression. Immediately, however, the exhauststrokc iscompleted the kickers will be released,

by the action of the exhaust-cam; d', which allows the lever r to return to its normal position tho spring tionof any .fnrther'conxbuetible .or explosive.

compound inthe interiorl of the retort or heaterl and also preventing the entran-ce ot"` any combustible or explosive compound o r air into the motor-cylinder 'or the discharge of any gas therefrom. The engine will th tis-con-- tinue running by itsown momentum untilite Specdis reduced, when the governors, again 'falling to their normal position, the cycle of operation before described will be recomincurred. 4.

'- the motor connccted with th starting the moron and. tion ot' the combustible or Ido not limit in hereinl described.

Having thus described Iclai'm as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, isi 1*. In a liquid hydro-carbon motor, the combination of'a retort or heater, means for heat ing'the same internally preparatory to starting the' motor and for producing a portion of the combustible or working charge, said means consisting of a spraying-apparatus arly,ranged at one endof the retort or heater, and e retort or heater,

yself to tlie exact details substantially as set forth.

2. Ina liquid hydro-carbon motor, thecombination of a retort or heater', and ip eans for heating the saine internally preparatory to for prodncinga porsaid means consisting of `a swaying-apparatus arranged'at one end of the retort or heater, at the otherwnd of the same the atmosphere and an opening roninninicatng directly withand provided with a suitable removable ciosnro,substantially las set forth. i

El. in a liquid hydro-carbon mo'tor,tl1e combination of a retort or heater, provided with an inner central case and with a jacket comj at the sume instant draw` j ingt zc kicker p out-ot gear with the lever r. 5

my .nventiom what working charge4 pletely encircling tbe same and forming an. annulus adapted for the exhaust gases to pass through', means for heating the interior of the central case preparatory to starting,y the motor and for producing a portion of the combustible or working charge, such means consisting' ofV n. spraying-apparatus arranged at one end of the retort or heater and adapted to eject a fine spray of intimately mixed air and liquid hydro-carbon into the cent-'rai case of said retort, substantially as ect forth.

. 4. In a liquid hydrocarbon motor, the com an inner central 'case and with a jacket surrounding the come and forming an annnlus additional outer jacket or cover around the aforesaid jacket and forming a third separate chamber or space for the passage of the air used` informin the working charge, said third or outer ciamber having communication at one end'with one end of the chamber in the central case, a spraying-apparatus ar ranged at said end and adapted to ejecta tine sprayv of intimately mixed air and liquid hydro-carbon into the-central case of the retort, and the motor connected with the retort, substantialiy as set forth.

, 5. In a liquid hydrocarbon motor, theeombination of a retort or heater having au interior central case provided 'with longitudinal eorrugations all around thename, ajacket encircling the case and forming an annulus or epacofor the passage of'the exhaustgases, means for heating the retort, and the motor connected with the retort, substantially1 as 'set forth.

6. In aliquid hydro-carbon 1notor,tl1ecom bination of a retort or heater having an inner central case provided with longitudinal corrugations,'a jacket surrounding lthe case and forming aV space for the passage of the. exhaust gases, an additional jacket; or outer cover for said jacket forming espace or an the working .charge,`se.id outer ,space or an- Inulus communicating with one end of the 'ratus arranged at said end' and adapted to eject a. line spray of mixed airfand liquid hydro-carbon into the inner 'case of said retort, vand the motor connected stantially asset forth.

7. yIn a liquid hydro-carbon motor, the combination of a retort or heater, said retort or heater being composed ot an inner central case, a jacket surrounding said case and torniing a space for the passage of exhaust gases and an additional' jacket outside ofthe aforesaid jacket forming e spaceor annulus adapt ed for the passage of air used in forming the Working charge, said outer space yhaving communication with ono end ot' the chamber of the central case, a sprayingfapparatns located at said end and adapted to eject a fine spray o intimately mixed air and liquid hydro-carbination 'of a retortor heater, provided with with the retort, suby tort, and the motor connected with-,said re- I adapted for the passage of exhaust gases, ang

nulns for the passage of air used in forming 1x c chamber of tite inner case, a spraying-appa bon into the interior of meid inner ease, the motonand o casing remaining osihene and charging pnssngen, said enenp; hein n rrnnged between the retort or homer nud the motor, the exhaust passage having; communication with the space between the drei-named jacket -and the iunercase and :anidolmrging passage commnnientingwith the rleoinber of said ease, substantially as ser foriiiA 8. In a liquid l1 ,fdrocnrimn motor, tlio combinaton of n retort or henteno. motor oonnected by means ot' charging and exhaust pnseegee with the retort or heater, ehergng ond exhansevalvosnrrenged in :mid reopeniive passages, a governor, and mechnoiem'conneeted with the governor and soirl wolven,

whereby by the eeiion of the governor the valves nre rendered inoperative nud remain closed when the normal velocity of the engine io exceeded, substantially as eet forth.

Si. in o. liquid hydrocarbon motor, ilie umm bination of e. retort or hentenn motor 1onneotcd by menno of charging and Minilisteremo passages with said retort or heater, charging and exhaust valves arranged in the passager, the governor, and mechanism arranged between the governor and said valves whereby by the action of the governor the valves are rendered inoperative and remain closed while the normal velocity ie exceeded, said mechan- `iein comprising name arranged on the layohaft of the engine, fnlcrumed levers adapted SAMUEL GRIFFIN. Witnesses:

I IoaA'rIo Penes LYLE, FRANK SEATON INGLF.. 

